Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial skin disease driven by chronic inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and recurrent pruritic flares. Conventional therapies, particularly topical steroids and systemic immunomodulators, offer symptomatic control but are often unsuitable for prolonged use due to adverse effects or limited efficacy. To address this unmet need, this study evaluated the therapeutic actions of Biomedical Polysaccharide-X, a natural bioactive polysaccharide with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential.

In vitroexperiments were conducted using RAW 264.7 macrophages and HaCaT keratinocytes to assess its biological activity. Biomedical Polysaccharide-X displayed no cytotoxicity in either cell type, supporting its compatibility for long-term administration. Under inflammatory stimulation, the compound markedly attenuated cellular activation, reducing oxidative stress and suppressing multiple inflammation-associated mediators, including TRPV1, calcineurin A, HMGB1, RAGE, MAPK signaling components, and IL-6. These results indicate that Biomedical Polysaccharide-X can modulate several key pathways implicated in AD pathogenesis.

Its therapeutic efficacy was further validated in a DNCB-induced AD-like mouse model. Oral administration of Biomedical Polysaccharide-X improved clinical skin appearance, decreased erythema and edema, and restored barrier integrity. Histological evaluation revealed reduced epidermal thickness and diminished mast cell infiltration. Moreover, the treatment alleviated DNCB-related enlargement of lymphoid organs, reflecting systemic immunological relief, while body weights remained stable throughout the study, confirming safety.

Overall, Biomedical Polysaccharide-X demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and skin-protective activities across both cellular and animal systems. By concurrently regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling networks, the compound effectively mitigated hallmark features of AD without inducing toxicity. These findings support Biomedical Polysaccharide-X as a promising oral therapeutic candidate that may provide a safer and more comprehensive management strategy for AD