Pasta is a popular food consumed worldwide; however, wheat flour is its main
ingredient, which poses dietary limitations for individuals with celiac
disease. Celiac disease, also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is
increasingly being diagnosed, with a prevalence ranging from 0.7% to 2.9% of
the global population. This disease is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by
gluten intolerance. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
This research was aimed to develop gluten-free pasta products by using Thai
local flour including rice flour, corn flour, tapioca flour, and mung bean
flour. Each flour was mixed with different proportions of rice flour (30%w/w
and 40%w/w) and mung bean flour (25%w/w and 35%w/w). All flours and mixed
flours were analyzed for gelation properties, which included water
absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), swelling power (SP)
and pasting properties, using the Rapid Viscosity Analysis (RVA) method. The
mixed flour was pre-gelatinized and used to replace wheat flour at levels of
0%, 50%, and 100%. The mixture of Thai local flour will be kneaded to form
dough and analyzed the texture of dough before extruding using Texture
Profile Analysis (TPA) and after extruding using Tensile force analysis. The
results showed that the WAI of corn flour was significantly highest,
followed by mung bean flour, rice flour, tapioca flour, and wheat flour,
with values of 10.20 ± 0.28 g/g, 9.15 ± 0.10 g/g, 8.58 ± 0.35 g/g, 7.73 ±
0.31 g/g, and 7.67 ± 0.05 g/g, respectively. The SP was consistent with WAI,
in which corn flour exhibited significantly highest followed by mung bean
flour and rice flour, with values of 10.33 ± 0.29 g/g, 9.32 ± 0.10 g/g and
8.76 ± 0.35 g/g respectively. In contrast, wheat flour showed the highest
WSI, demonstrating that its internal components exhibit greater water
solubility. The high WAI and SP values of the flour indicate that Thai local
flour performs well in gel formation, making it suitable as a substitute for
wheat flour. The Thai local flour mixture provides the most suitable texture
and favorable sensory propertiesof fettuccini by wheat
flour substitution at 50%, 0%, and 100%, respectively. At a 50% substitution
level, the fettuccine exhibited a yellow color with a tender and elastic
texture comparable to conventional pasta. At 0% substitution, the fettuccine
were yellow with a firm, chewy, al dente texture. At 100% substitution, the
fettuccine were translucent white and possessed a firm, sticky, and elastic
texture. It can be a substitute for wheat flour at 100% based on consumer
acceptance. The replacement of wheat flour with Thai local flour can
favorably be used in gluten-free fettuccine formulation.